tragmac Free Tragic Irony in Shakespeares Essay Example For Students

tragmac Free: Tragic Irony in Shakespeares Essay Macbeth essaysThe Tragic Irony of Macbeth There are numerous sorts of incongruity utilized in Macbeth. Without the incongruity, the tragedywould not be so unfortunate. One sort of incongruity utilized in Macbeth is verbal incongruity. This is the point at which a character saysone thing and means the inverse. Instances of this are when Macbeth says to Banquo,Tonight we hold a serious dinner, sir, And Ill solicitation your quality (III, I, 13-14) orwhen he says Fail not our blowout (III, I, 28). Verbal incongruity makes the play more tragicbecause, on the off chance that the peruser comprehends the incongruity of what a character is stating, at that point the peruser can see the genuine nature and aims of the character. Another kind of incongruity Shakespeare utilized is the incongruity of a circumstance. This is whenthe aftereffects of an activity or occasion are not the same as what is normal. One model is whenMacduff is talking with Malcolm about the catastrophes in Scotland, not realizing that hisfamily has been killed. We will compose a custom paper on tragmac Free: Tragic Irony in Shakespeares explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now He says: Let us ratherHold quick the human blade, and like great menBestride our down-falln birthdom. Each new mornNew widows wail, new vagrants cry, new sorrowsStrike paradise on the face, that it resoundsAs in the event that it felt with Scotland and hollered outLike syllable of dolor (IV, iii, 4-7). Macduff, unexpectedly, is commenting on new widows wailing, not mindful of the factthat he is a single man. This presents a lot of incongruity to the peruser, just as a tragicsituation. Sensational incongruity is likewise utilized in Macbeth. This kind of incongruity is when there is acontradiction between what characters of the play do, and what the peruser knows willhappen. In Macbeth, a model is the merriment with which Duncan, the King, speaks ofInverness. This merriment is an exterior, since little does Duncan know, yet the plot tomurder him is being brought forth and will be done here at Inverness. How unexpected for thereader, and how disastrous, to hear Duncan state: This manor hath a lovely seat; the airNimbly and pleasantly suggests itselfUnto our delicate faculties. (I, iv, 1-3). At last, incongruity of Fate is utilized. This is the point at which an outcome invalidates the point of anevent. For instance, in view of Macbeths response to seeing Banquos apparition in Act IIIscene iv is so sensational and savage, he throws doubt onto himself, rather than gainingpersonal security. He throws doubt by soliciting which from you have done this? also, thenanswering his own inquiry with Thou canst not state I did it. Never shake Thy gorylocks at me (III, iv, 49, 51-52). This is lamentable, for Macbeth ruins his objective of security and winds up giving occasion to feel qualms about more uncertainty himself. Macbeth would not be heartbreaking without incongruity. Incongruity pulls at the series of thereaders heart. Regardless of whether the incongruity causes the disastrous legend to appear to be increasingly detestable, or makestheir destruction appear to be progressively unfortunate, it surely enables the disaster to have a less clear cutemotional reaction.

Young People, sexuality and relationship Essay -- Essays Papers

Youngsters, sexuality and relationship So what should teenagers be instructed about sex? In the article, â€Å"Young People, Sexuality and Relationships,† by Peter Aggleton, the writer portrays how sex isn’t utilized as something incredible in a relationship yet gives the genuine reasons youngsters are having intercourse. The article was distributed in the year 2000 in the Journal of Sexual and Relationship Therapy. This article was distributed to disclose to youngsters a portion of the results of engaging in sexual relations. Increasingly youngsters are engaging in sexual relations nowadays without seeing what truly can occur. Aggleton shows a review of the pregnancies, STD’s, and other enthusiastic things that can stay with somebody the remainder of their lives. Aggleton shows teenagers reality with regards to sex as opposed to something seen as sentimental and a hazard, and they considering themselves to be individuals who are exploring different avenues regarding new things. In any case, to others it's anything but an indication of sentiment however a hazard that continues frequenting youngsters with AIDS and pregnancy. Despite the fact that youngsters are generalized as being progressively negative with regards to the issue of sex, not all adolescents are that worried about it. The creator states more young people are taking a gander at the result of engaging in sexual relations and considering the STD issue. Another issue is sex with regards to gatherings and medications. It appears that an ever increasing number of young ladies are not getting the essential understandings of the dangers of sex, in this way having it at a more youthful age. While guys are having intercourse for reasons just to give it a shot, or on the grounds that they think they are cool. So the issue is adolescents are engaging in sexual relations for an inappropriate reasons without investigating the results. Aggleton shows the distinctions of sex from the female view to the male view. He considers ladies to be becoming involved with s... ... to drugs and have no cash they consider sex to be an approach to make a couple of simple dollars. Sex issues are more terrible with regards to different nations. Lady there must shield themselves from more youthful and more established men. They likewise regularly don't have any kind of condom and they aren’t gave cautioning that could forestall Aids and pregnancy. Other ladies wind up engaging in sexual relations as work, since prostitution is lawful in numerous nations and numerous lady hope to do as such as a calling. In end Aggleton is stating how youngsters are not engaging in sexual relations for adoration or a superior relationship however out of dread of what others may state in the event that they don’t. In this manner, sex isn't something that happens to enable a relationship to develop nearer, it’s only a choice that’s not as a rule pondered to completely before it occurs. Also, no one but grown-ups can help remove the considerations from youthful peoples’ lives by conversing with them.

This is the end

This is the end INTRO First things first, I have to post this, as promised in an earlier blog entry: What could this possibly mean? It means Ive graduated!!! Holy smokes, four years of MIT and now its over. It seems like it goes so fast, how could it be over? Then you think about specific moment, all of the episodes, and you realize that it didnt go fast, that it took just as long as anything else takes because theres no way to slow or quicken the progression of time. So here we are, four years from when I started, and I get to look back at all Ive done. Not gonna lie, sometimes its hard to remember (not because the moments are painful, just because they were a long time ago and Im getting old), and all these blog entries Ive got archived here are an awesome way to reminisce. Ups and Downs It started on my personal blog with this, admittedly, super tooly entry. Its amazing to compare how I act and write now with some of my earlier entries, both in my personal blog and MIT blog. MIT has certainly calmed me down, added a slight glaze to my eyes, and made me demand more than just trivial occurrences to get me excited (Oh, math joke, not funny). For better or for worse, Im a different person now than I was when I got here. How much of that is MIT related and how much of that is general maturation related we may never know, but I know that its certainly due to both. Apart from aging me a bit, MIT has also done its best to shove every bit of knowledge it could into my relatively small brain (relatively small compared to many of my classmates). I came into MIT with very little knowledge about anything they were about to teach me. In fact, everything I learned here was new except for vectors. I dominated the first 3 weeks of 18.02 because of a pre-existing knowledge of vectors. After that, everything was completely new, and there was a lot. At MIT I learned how to machine, prototype, design, sketch, how to do mechanics and select materials, how to to define dynamic systems and control them, I learned more about thermal fluids than I thought existed, I learned Matlab and MathCAD, learned how to design circuit boards and how to surface mount solder, discovered a budding love of literature, and saw/experienced more events than I could have imagined. All the learning and amazing experiences were certainly countered by a lot of negativity, to be sure. One tends to start getting disillusioned here, everything stops seeming so Utopian and begins feeling more routine. So what if this guy invented that? Oh look, a unicycle, meh. Killian court turns into a big piece of lawn, Stata becomes ugly instead of awesome, and lectures turn into a chore instead of an exciting opportunity for learning. This does not apply to everybody, of course, Im just telling you about my experiences. One of the things that gets me most is how MIT seemed to take all of the things I used in my application to get into this school (marching band, speech team, building things in my free time, etc) and managed to remove all the time I had to do those things. MIT took away all the things it wanted me for because of the crushing amount of working. Just sitting and doing nothing during my free time became a very appealing notion, something that rarely happened before MIT. In the end, Im glad I came here, absolutely. I learned so much about both myself, engineering, and life. Plus, I mean, really, look at this thing. Totally worth it. So what now? You havent heard much from me in the last year or so, let me fill you in! The Past Year Last summer I worked Analog Devices Inc and, while I learned a lot, I discovered that electrical engineering was not my thing. Thats ok, thats what internships are for! I also biked to work every day, 16.5 miles each way, and lost 40 pounds. I am the champion of the stop eating and exercise a lot diet! This last school year was divided into two pretty distinctly different semesters, the work my butt off semester and the be as lazy as possible/thesis semester. The first semester was dedicated to 2.009, the capstone MechE class that gives teams of 20 a semester to design and build some product, in my teams case a fleet of robots that delivers sushi to waiting patrons. I was the System Integrator for the team which pretty much required me to glue my phone to my ear and stop sleeping. Between semesters, during IAP in January, I did an unpaid externship at 5W!TS Productions (more about that later). Second semester is when, just like high school, senioritis hit. Second semester I cranked through Atlas Shrugged, beat Plants vs. Zombies as thoroughly as humanly possible, began the epic adventure that is Minecraft, wrote a 100+ page thesis, and graduated! January So, January, that was a good month! Back in September I visited a place called 5W!TS and fell in love. They had a walk-through adventure game, somewhat like a real-life video game, that had me crawling through lasers and ventilations ducts, cracking safes, defusing bombs, and debugging rooms. It was a MechE wonderland! I was as fascinated by the adventure as I was by the technical details behind all of it. I awkwardly and giddily started asking every question I could come up with. As it turns out, the CEO was an MIT alum with close ties to MITs Toy Design Class and its teaching staff. I was bouncing with excitement for the entire bus ride back to campus. The next day I e-mailed the CEO and asked if I could work there in January. The email said something along the lines of I dont know if Im correct in emailing the CEO to ask for an internship, but can I have one? The answer was yes and lemme tell you, it was AWESOME! I spent the month helping to finish their 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea game. In other words, I helped build the Nautilus. I modified hundred-year-old Edison Wax Cylinder p layers, built governors for the engine room, and wired up the fuel rod receptacle. I helped turn this into this In addition to its two games (Espionage and 20k), 5W!TS does production and effects work for museums. You know all those neat interactives and demos you see at science museums? Yeah, they build those things (AWESOME!). As it turns out, over the last year or so, I began realizing that I didnt want to be a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineers tend to design and engineer but then ship off designs for fabrication. I wanted to build things! I wanted to design, build, use, and move on. I didnt want to work on one small insignificant part of a 10 year project, I wanted to be a part of each project from beginning to end and help with all of the phases. 5W!TS allows that to happen, with just 9 people doing the brainstorming, designing, and building for 2-3 month projects. After January was over and after I received several grad school rejections (not so important after discovering 5W!TS) I accepted a full time position at 5W!TS, where I have now just finished my second week. Im moving in to my first apartment on July 1st, have a new car (bet with my parents I made in 5th grade, they said theyd get me a harley if I graduated from MIT. I accepted a car instead.), and am about to start real life. Crazy? Crazy! This is all exciting, but lets talk a bit more about commencement and the end of the semester, thats exciting too! Commencement At MIT, and probably other colleges as well, mortarboard decorations are a staple of any good commencement. A week or so before the ceremony my friend Pall posted something on my facebook wall HELL YEAH! Fast forward to staging before the march to Killian I ended up with the blue portal and the front half of the beaver. It was super awesome. Even President Hockfield thought it was pretty rockin On a quick side note, Im pretty sure these two professors were playing Angry Birds during the whole ceremony At the end of the 2.5 hour long name-reading extravaganza I headed over to the MechE reception for food, free coffee cups, and pictures. Awwww By the end of the day I was exhausted and ended up just laying on the couch playing Minecraft. A good end to a good day, the official conclusion of four years at the tute. Toast to Tech MIT held a MASSIVE celebration a day or two after commencement to cap off the MIT150 celebration in a grand fashion. Grand. Like, most lavish thing Ive seen at MIT in the four years Ive been here. Ill let the pictures I took speak for themselves. Dome Dome MIT Seal Ice Sculpture Beaver Ice Sculpture MIT Ice Sculpture The Prudential Building Celebrates With Us The Stage This next bit needs an explanation. MIT sprang for a 750 pound cake, or suite of cakes. It was amazing, check it out! Stata Simmons Dome and Green Building Tim Flopped on the Bridge (reminds me of this) Cupcake River A special shout-out to the Hernley family for adopting me that evening and letting me pal around with you, it was great fun. Blogging To conclude, I want to talk a little about the relationship I have with these blogs. No cliches, no sappy messages, no speeches. Read any of my blog entries and youll see that my role on these blogs isnt to fit in and publish what everybody else is publishing. Nor is it to publish what people think I should publish. No, when I got hired to be an MIT admissions blogger, second semester of freshman year, I made it my goal to blog about all the things you would NOT expect to see on an admissions website. I wanted to share all of the things MIT hides from prospective students and all of the things youd never find out about unless you were here. I blogged about hot dogs, bathrooms, thongs from VS, bad experiences with physics professors, wrote the first entry ever removed from the blogs (so they say) and ended up in Matt McGanns office more than once. I made admissions enforce their censorship-free stance many a time in an effort to bring the really nitty gritty parts of MIT to the blogs, the parts that arent so pretty, the parts MIT doesnt want you to know. I loved this about my job because, while generally an amazing place, MIT is not a perfect place, and making sure applicants know this adds a degree of believability and credibility to both the school and the admissions blogs. My favorite blog-related quote came from Ben Jones, MITs ex-communications guru. He came up to me one day after a particularly brutal entry and said Snively, in the four months youve been blogging here weve received more complaints from faculty and deans about your entries than weve received about all of the entries ever published in the last four y ears. I took that to mean I was doing my job right ;) The nice emails from parents, from prospective students, the comments on the entries themselves, the random encounters during campus tours and CPW, and all of the kind words in whatever form or fashion they reached me in meant a lot. Ok, it was creepy sometimes, and usually pretty awkward, but looking back its nice to know that I was able to help the number of people I did. When you write an entry and push it to the site you forget how many people read them. There are the prospective students, of course, but also current students. Then there are the parents of prospective students, and the parents of current students. I got a comment once from a parent, thanking me for blogging about physics because their son didnt call as often as theyd like him to. By reading my blogs they were able to see what his classes were like. Not only students, prospective students, and parents, but faculty members also read these blogs. More than once have I shown up for the first day of class and had a faculty member already know who I am . . . or at least know the Internet version of me. More than once, in a class (usually a smaller class, to be fair), a professor has mentioned or referenced something about me that theyve read here. But it even goes farther than that. I met President Susan Hockfield for the first time at a Christmas reception and before I even had a chance to introduce myself I heard her yell SNIVELY! when she saw me and then beckon me over, proceeding then to scold me for not saying hi when I saw her walking down Vassar Street. Yes, even MITs president reads these blogs. These blogs are important and their aim is true. Admissions really does want the outside world to see the raw and unedited side of this school through the eyes of current students. Anytime you find yourself reading them and thinking Hm, this all seems staged or The admissions office is feeding them stuff, know that youre mistaken. Â Anything is fair game so long as you have bloggers that are willing to stick their neck out and attract the negative attention that comes along with sharing the smaller and more controversial aspects of MIT. And really, thats what Id come to the blogs to see, because thats the good stuff! So thats me, and Im all done! No more blogs, no more MIT. Im moving on and its been a wild ride. Thanks for everything everybody, its been awesome!

Cognate Definition and Examples in English

Need a definition of  cognate?  A  cognate is a word that is related in origin to another word, such as the English word  brother and the German word  bruder  or the English word  history and the Spanish word historia. The words were derived from the same source; thus, they are cognates (like cousins tracing back their ancestry). Because they come from the same origin, cognates have  similar meanings and usually similar spellings in two different languages.   Key Takeaways: Cognates Cognates are words that came from the same root.Cognates can come into a language from different sources; they just have to have the same origin.False cognates look like theyre related to each other but are actually not. Cognates are  often derived from Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian) that have their origins in Latin, although some are derived from other language families (e.g., Germanic), noted Patricia F. Vadasy and J. Ron Nelson in their book Vocabulary Instruction for Struggling Students (Guilford Press, 2012).  Ã‚   If two words in the same language are derived from the same origin, theyre called  doublets; likewise, three are  triplets. A doublet may have come into English from two different languages. For example, the words fragile and frail both came from the Latin word fragilis. Frail came into English from French into Old English and stayed on through Middle and now Modern English, and the word fragile was borrowed directly from Latin instead of going through French first. Origins of Cognates The Romance languages have so much in common etymologically because the Roman Empire brought Latin to those regions. Of course, regional dialects were already established in present-day Spain, Portugal, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy, but Latin-influenced vocabulary throughout these regions for a long period—because of the relative stability of the empire—especially in the sciences and law. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, the language was still in use in various forms and continued to move into areas where the empire hadnt been, such as Slavic and Germanic regions, and it was useful as a universal language for people from different regions to be able to communicate. Christian missionaries brought the Roman alphabet to present-day Britain during the first millennium of the common era, and Latin remained in use in the Catholic church even as the Middle Ages evolved into the Renaissance. When the Normans conquered England in 1066, Latin words and roots came into English via Old French. Some English words also came in from Latin itself, thus creating doublets, two words with the same origin in the same language. The cognates would be the French words and the English words derived from them and the Latin originals. The derived words are all related to a common ancestor. More Examples of Cognates Here are a few examples of cognates (including those that share only the stem and not all the affixes, which are semi cognates, or paronyms) and their roots: night: nui (French), noche (Spanish), Nacht (German), nacht (Dutch), natt (Swedish, Norwegian); root: Indo-European, nà ³kÊ ·tconstipated: constipado (Spanish);  root (stem): Latin  cÃ… nstipÄ t-nourish: nutrir (Spanish),  noris (Old French); root: nutritivus (Medieval Latin)atheist:  ateo/a (Spanish),  athà ©iste (French), atheos (Latin); root: à ¡theos (Greek)controversy: controversia (Spanish); root:  controversus (Latin)comic (meaning comedian):  cà ³mico (Spanish); root: cÃ… mÄ ­cus (Latin)abortion: aborto (Spanish); root: abÃ… rtus (Latin)government: gobierno (Spanish),  governement (Old French),  gubernus (Late Latin); root:  gÃ… ­bÄ•rnÄ re (Latin, loaned from Greek) Obviously, not all the cognates for a root are listed, and not all of these words came directly from Latin into English; this list just shows the common ancestral roots—and some words even changed in between their roots and the cognates listed here. For example, government came into English from French, where many bs became vs. Language is an evolving thing, even though it may not seem like it to us, because its so gradual, happening over centuries.  Ã‚   Aid in Learning Other Languages Because of the relationship between Romance languages and their roots in Latin, learning a third language can be easier than learning a second because of the similarity in vocabulary, for example, learning French after already understanding Spanish. Author Annette M. B. de Groot illustrated the concept with an example that compares Swedish and Finnish learners of English: Ringbom (1987) reasoned that the existence of cognates might be one reason why Swedes are generally better in English than Finns; English and Swedish are related languages, sharing many cognates, whereas English and Finnish are completely unrelated. The consequence is that a Finn will be at a complete loss when encountering an unknown English word, whereas in many cases a Swede may infer at least part of the English cognates meaning. Using cognates to teach vocabulary can be very helpful to English language learners (ELL), especially those students whose native language is Spanish, because of the great amount of overlap between the two languages. Authors Shira Lubliner and Judith A. Scott noted, Researchers indicate that English-Spanish cognates account for one-third of educated adult vocabulary (Nash, 1997) and 53.6 percent of English words are of Romance-language origin (Hammer, 1979).  (Nourishing Vocabulary: Balancing Words and Learning. Corwin, 2008)   Not only can you learn new-language words faster and infer meaning to figure words out in context, but you can also remember the vocabulary more easily when the words are cognates. This kind of language study can begin with learners as early as preschool age. Problems that come  with learning vocabulary through cognates include pronunciation and false cognates. Two words might share similar spellings but be pronounced differently. For example, the word  animal  is spelled the same way in English and Spanish but pronounced with different stresses in each language. False, Accidental, and Partial Cognates False cognates are two words in different languages that appear to be cognates but actually are not (for example, the English advertisement and the French avertissement, which means warning or caution). Theyre also called false friends. Author Annette M. B. De Groot shared some examples: False  cognates  are  etymologically  related but no longer overlap in meaning between the languages; their meanings may be related but also opposite (in English an  auditorium  is a place for a large gathering, whereas in Spanish an  auditorio  is an audience;  stretch  means to extend in English but  estretcher  in Spanish is to make narrow).  Accidental cognates  are not etymologically related but just happen to share form (English  juice  and Spanish  juicio, judge...). (Language  and  Cognition in  Bilinguals and  Multilinguals: An Introduction. Psychology Press, 2011) Partial cognates are words that have the same meaning in some contexts but not others. For example,  twig  and  Zweig  are used similarly in some contexts, but in other  contexts,  Zweig  is better translated as branch. Both  Zweig  and  branch  have  metaphoric  meanings (a branch of a business) which  twig  does not share. (Uta Priss and L. John Old, Bilingual Word Association Networks in Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Architectures for Smart Applications, ed. by Uta Priss et al. Springer, 2007)

Travailler - French Verb Conjugations

My Own Theory Of Personality - 2164 Words

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According to Lazarus (1991) there was no way to integrate the different psychological theories under one theory. Lazarus and Butler (1993) suggest that theories are only worthwhile if they are founded empirically derived from relationships among client problem, therapeutic procedure, and outcome; and those that outline this process by which a counselor can reliably select and implement therapeutic procedures. According to Tursi and Cochran (2006) it is difficult to find one counseling approach that will satisfactorily lead to positive personality change for every client with every counselor. InShow MoreRelated Psychologist’s Theory Essay528 Words   |  3 Pagespsychologist’s theory best describes your own personality?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personality can best be described as â€Å"personal qualities of an individual†. No two people have the same personality, but yet all the different personalities in the world can be characterized into 4 main theories. 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Hamlet scene by scene Essay Example For Students

Hamlet scene by scene Essay Some time has passed. From Ophelias remarks in III.ii. (which happens the day after II.i), we learn that Old Hamlet has now been dead for four months. Shakespeare telescopes time. We learn (in this scene) that Ophelia has (on Poloniuss orders) refused to accept love letters from Hamlet and told him not to come near her. We learn in the next scene (which follows soon after) that the king and queen have sent to Wittenberg for Hamlets long-time friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (two common Danish surnames), and that they are now here. Hamlet has been walking around aimlessly in the palace for up to four hours at a time. Polonius, in private, sends his servant Reynaldo to spy on Laertes. Polonius reminds him of how an effective spy asks open-ended questions and tells little suggestive lies. Polonius likes to spy. Ophelia comes in, obviously upset. She describes Hamlets barging into her bedroom, with his doublet all unbraced (wed say, his shirt open in front), his dirty socks crunched down, and pale and knock-kneed, as if he had been loosd out of hell / to speak of horrors. Or, as might say, as if hed seen a ghost. Hamlet grabbed her wrist, stared at her face, sighed, let her go, and walked out the door backwards. Whats happened? Hamlet, who has set about to feign mental illness, is actually just acting on his own very genuine feelings. Hamlet cares very much about Ophelia. He must have hoped for a happy life with her. Now it is painfully obvious that they are both prisoners of a system that will never allow them to have the happiness that they should. When Hamlet act like a flesh-and-blood human being showing authentic emotions, people like Polonius will say he is insane. And Polonius suggests Hamlet is lovesick. Maybe Polonius really believes this. Maybe he just realized that perhaps his daughter might be the next Queen of Denmark. II.ii. The king and queen welcome Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Claudius says that except for the death of Hamlets father, hes clueless as to why Hamlet is upset. (Uh huh.) He asks them very nicely to try to figure out whats wrong so Claudius can help. (Now Claudius might well be sincere.) Gertrude says she wants them to make Hamlet happy, and that the good and generous king will reward them well. Both say how much they appreciate the opportunity, and Claudius thanks them. Often a director will have Claudius call each by the others name, and Gertrude point out which is which (lines 33-34). They go off to find Hamlet. Polonius comes in and announces that the ambassadors from Norway have returned, and that after their report he will tell them why Hamlet is acting strange. Gertrude thinks that Hamlet is simply distressed over his fathers death (which Claudius thought of) and her remarriage (which Claudius pretended he couldnt think of.)The ambassadors are back from Norway. Fortinbras was indeed mounting an army to attack Claudiuss Denmark. The King of Norway was sick and supposedly thought Fortinbras was going to invade Poland instead. (Uh huh.) When he learned the truth, the King of Norway arrested Fortinbras, made him promise not to invade Denmark, and paid him to invade Poland instead. The King of Norway now requests that Claudius let Fortinbras pass through Denmark for the invasion. (Denmark is on the invasion route from Norway to Poland if the Norwegian army is to cross the sea to Denmark. And we know a sea-invasion was expected from the amount of shipbuilding mentioned in I.i.) This all seems fake and for show, and probably Claudius (who doesnt seem at all surprised) and the King of Norway had an understanding beforehand. .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 , .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .postImageUrl , .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 , .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:hover , .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:visited , .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:active { border:0!important; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:active , .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5 .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueb331d4f98d1e5f251e11571ddebbcd5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Slavery - Life On The Plantations EssayAs before, Polonius can be a foolish busybody or a sinister old man. (Foolish busybodies do not usually become chief advisors to warrior-kings.) Polonius launches into a verbose speech about finding the cause of madness, prompting the queen to tell him to get to the point (More matter with less art; the queen actually cares about Hamlet.) He reads a love letter from Hamlet. Its about the genuineness of his love. Polonius asks the king, What do you think of me? The king replies, You are a man faithful and honorable. Now Polonius tells a lie. He emphasizes that he had no knowledge of Hamlets love for Ophelia until she told him and gave him the love letter. Polonius tells how he forbade Ophelia to see or accept messages from Hamlet. Polonius does not mention the wrist-grabbing episode. He then reminds the king of how reliable an advisor he has always been, and says Take this from this (my head off my shoulders, or my insignia of office from me; the actor will show which is meant) if this be otherwise. He finishes, If circumstances lead me i.e., allow, I will find / Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeed / Within the center of the earth. He suggests he and the king hide and watch Ophelia and Hamlet. Polonius likes to spy. At this time, Hamlet (who may have been eavesdropping), walks in reading a book. Polonius questions him, and Hamlet pretends to be very crazy by giving silly answers. They are pointed, referring to the dishonesty of Polonius (To be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten thousand.) Hamlet is well-aware that Polonius has forbidden Ophelia to see him, and he refers obliquely to this. Polonius notes in an aside (a movie director would use a voice-over), Though this be madness, yet there is method in it another famous line often misquoted. The speech of the insane, as Polonius notes, often makes the best sense. Polonius leaves, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (who have been watching) enter. Hamlet realizes right away that they have been sent for. They share a dirty joke about Lady Lucks private parts which would have been very funny to Shakespeares contemporaries, and Hamlet calls Denmark a prison. When they disagree (Humor a madman), Hamlet says There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. To me it is a prison. (Note that Hamlet is obviously not referring to the idea that there are no moral absolutes as do certain contemporary multiculturalists.) The idea that attitude is everything was already familiar from Montaigne, and from common sense.

Burnin Up by Jonas Brothers free essay sample

Burnin Up is Jonas Brothers first single from their album A Little Bit Longer. I cant say the lyrics are ambitious but its still good. Its more about growing boys trying to hold theirselves back when they see a beautiful girl. Shes hot but they cant do anything cause she doesnt want to at first. It can make girls hot, especially because of this verse you go around like you know who I am, but you dont. You got me on my toes. It kinda makes you wonder if theyre not singing about a fan. Anyway, this song is cool until the third chorus. Then theres Big Rob (Jonas Brothers bodyguard). Well, I like him, but come on, who is he? Hes supposed to protect our boys, right? So why did they want him to sing? Come on, it ruined the whole song. We will write a custom essay sample on Burnin Up by Jonas Brothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hes screaming, boys are screaming and its ruining a song. It just doesnt fit. At first its a song about well, lets admit it sexuality. And then there are boys having fun during the boys night. Not, not, not.

How Peer Review Works in the Social Sciences

How Peer Review Works in the Social Sciences Peer review, at least in intent, is the way the editors of academic journals attempt to keep the quality of articles in their publications high, and assure (or attempt to assure) that poor or fallacious research does not get published. The process is tied up with political and economic issues involving tenure and pay scales, in that an academic who participates in the peer review process (whether as author, editor, or reviewer) gets rewarded for that participation in an increase in reputation which can lead to an increase in pay scales, rather than direct payment for services rendered. In other words, none of the people involved in the review process is paid by the journal in question, with the sole exception (maybe) of one or more editorial assistants. The author, editor, and reviewers all do this for the prestige involved in the process; they are generally paid by the university or business that employs them, and in many cases, that pay is contingent upon obtaining publication in peer-reviewed journals. The editorial assistance is generally provided in part by the editors university and in part by the journal. The Review Process The way academic peer review works (at least in the social sciences), is that a scholar writes an article and submits it to a journal for review. The editor reads it over and finds between three and seven other scholars to review it. The reviewers selected to read and comment on the scholars article are chosen by the editor based on their reputations in the specific field of the article, or whether they are mentioned in the bibliography, or if they are personally known to the editor. Sometimes the author of a manuscript suggests some reviewers. Once a list of reviewers is drawn up, the editor removes the name of the author from the manuscript and forwards a copy to the chosen stout hearts. Then time passes, a lot of time, generally, between two weeks and several months. When the reviewers have all returned their comments (made directly on the manuscript or in a separate document), the editor makes a preliminary decision about the manuscript. Is it to be accepted as is? (This is very rare.) Is it to be accepted with modifications? (This is typical.) Is it to be rejected? (This last cases is also fairly rare, depending on the journal.) The editor strips out the identity of the reviewers and sends along the comments and her preliminary decision about the manuscript to the author. If the manuscript was accepted with modifications, it is then up to the author to make changes until the editor is satisfied that the reviewers reservations are met. Eventually, after several rounds of back and forth, the manuscript is published. The period from submission of a manuscript to publication in an academic journal generally takes anywhere from six months to over a year. Problems with Peer Review Problems inherent in the system include the time sink between submission and publication, and the difficulty obtaining reviewers who have the time and inclination to give thoughtful, constructive reviews. Petty jealousies and full blown political differences of opinion are difficult to restrain in a process where no one is made accountable for a specific set of comments on a particular manuscript, and where the author has no ability to correspond directly with her reviewers. However, it must be said that many argue that the anonymity of the blind review process allows a reviewer to freely state what he or she believes about a particular paper without fear of reprisal. The burgeoning of the internet in the first decade of the 21st century has made a huge difference in the way articles are published and made available: the peer review system is often problematic in these journals, for a number of reasons. Open access publishingin which free draft or completed articles are published and made available to anyoneis a wonderful experiment that has had some hitches in getting started. In a 2013 paper in Science, John Bohannen described how he submitted 304 versions of a paper on a bogus wonder drug to open-access journals, over half of which were accepted. Recent Findings In 2001, the journal Behavioral Ecology changed its peer review system from one which identified the author to reviewers (but reviewers remained anonymous) to a completely blind one, in which both author and reviewers are anonymous to one another. In a 2008 paper, Amber Budden and colleagues reported that statistics comparing the articles accepted for publication before and after 2001 indicated that significantly more women have been published in BE since the double-blind process began. Similar ecological journals using single-blind reviews over the same period do not indicate a similar growth in the number of woman-authored articles, leading researchers to believe that the process of double-blind review might assist with the glass ceiling effect. Sources Bohannon J. 2013. Whos afraid of peer review? Science 342:60-65. Budden AE, Tregenza T, Aarssen LW, Koricheva J, Leimu R, and Lortie CJ. 2008. Double-blind review favours increased representation of female authors. Trends in Ecology Evolution 23(1):4-6. Carver M. 2007. Archaeology journals, academics and open access. European Journal of Archaeology 10(2–3):135–148. Chilidis K. 2008. New knowledge versus consensus – a critical note on their relationship based on the debate concerning the use of barrel-vaults in Macedonian tombs. European Journal of Archaeology 11(1):75–103. Etkin A. 2014. A New Method and Metric to Evaluate the Peer Review Process of Scholarly Journals. Publishing Research Quarterly 30(1):23-38. Gould THP. 2012. The Future of Peer Review: Four Possible Options to Nothingness. Publishing Research Quarterly 28(4):285-293. Vanlandingham SL. 2009. Extraordinary Examples of Deception in Peer Reviewing: Concoction of the Dorenberg Skull Hoax and Related Misconduct. 13th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: International Symposium on Peer Reviewing. Orlando, Florida. Vesnic-Alujevic L. 2014. Peer Review and Scientific Publishing in Times of Web 2.0. Publishing Research Quarterly 30(1):39-49. Weiss B. 2014. Opening Access: Publics, Publication, and a Path to Inclusion. Cultural Anthropology 29(1):1-2.

The Admissibility of Expert Witnesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Admissibility of Expert Witnesses - Essay Example The battle of dueling experts has become somewhat counterproductive, with the reputations and persuasiveness of the experts involved becoming more important than the objective evidence they can provide. It is now possible to join The Society of Expert Witnesses in the UK. The motto of the organization, quisque ad praestantiam nitens is, ironically, translated with a lack of expertise to "each towards excellence striving" - when "each striving towards excellence" is surely the correct wording in modern English. The Society was only founded in 1995, but the Latin motto shows that it is attempting to suggest that it is somehow an established part of the legal system rather than a relative newcomer. Of course brevity of existence is no judgment of quality, but the attempt to create the sense of history that does not exist perhaps is. The definition of an expert witness has gone through a long development. Formal education in a subject is not necessarily needed, as was established as early as R. v. Silverlock (1894), in which a solicitor who had studied handwriting for more than ten years was accepted as an expert even though he had no formal training in the subject. R. V. Robb (1991) established a similar principle and qualified it through saying that the finder of fact (Judge or Jury) should be the one that decides how much weight to give to it. Thus the degree of "expertise" (or otherwise) shown by the expert witness should be decided by the finder of fact. The Society gives a succinct description of both expert and expert witness on its welcome page on the Internet. While these are not formal definitions found within the law, they are at least a starting point for the consideration of contributors to the trial whose role is somewhat uncertain. There is no comprehensive definition of "expert witness", so the Society may well be a help in studying such: An expert is anyone with knowledge or experience of a particular field of discipline beyond what is expected of a layman. An expert witness is an expert who makes his or her knowledge available to a court (or other judicial or quasi-judicial body) to help it understand the issues of a case and reach a sound and just decision. 1 The definition of expert would seem to be extraordinarily broad, and would include large segments of the population within an increasingly specialized society. No mention is made of educational qualifications, let alone the graduate degrees that might be expected for one who calls herself an expert. The Society seems to be attempting to have as broad a definition as possible for "expert", which is logical as its first listed aim is to assist "members in running their expert witness business by any suitable means."2 The fact that being an expert witness can now become a full time source of self-employment may be starkly contrasted to the early days of expert witnesses in the early to mid Twentieth Century, when they were experts within their fields (often scientific or forensic in

Human Resource Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human Resource Strategy - Case Study Example This company is a worker co-op. It is one of the most exemplary companies when it comes to implementation of best practice strategies. This is because all the employees within the organisation are part owners of the organisation. The organisation focuses on addressing all their needs whether in the reward section or elsewhere. On the other hand, the employees pay back these efforts through commitment and best performance. Best practice has formed one of the organisation's key strengths. John Lewis partnership has made sure that training is part of its human resource and development efforts. This is because it realises the value of this best practice strategy. Pfeffer and Velga (1999) explain the importance of training and development of skills within any organisation. A company that takes its employees through training solidifies their contribution to the company. This is because such employees get equipped with the ability to make decisions in their work. On top of this, such employees have high levels of initiative and will try their utmost best to improve their organisational contribution. Skill development is a characteristic part of the John Lewis Partnership because employees who feel the need to improve their skills are given opportunities to do so through training schemes. Youndt et al (1996) emphasise that training is one of the most fundamental aspects of best... They claim that no amount of training will contribute towards organisational development if employees are not granted the permission to practice those acquired skills. This means that an organisation should try its best to grant work autonomy to its employees and to empower them through training. John Lewis has achieved this very well. In other retail companies, line managers are given minimal responsibilities. Most of them are expected to consult with higher authorities in order to decide on issues. However, the company under study has eliminated that problem by training those members of staff (so that they can have necessary skills) and then allowing them to make independent decisions. They believe that this is a form of investment into human capital since most of these employees feel valued. According to the Classical and Human relations approach, an organisation's structure and operation are affected by certain situational factors such as technology, size and environment. However best practice advocates like Burnes (2000) came up with a contingency theory. He believes that a reward system within any company can affect the way it operates or how it is structured. Pfeffer (1994) believes that best practice companies should have a structure that places staff members into groups. Those groups should be such that they have the ability to make their own decisions. Another aspect of best practise firms is that they ought to have reward systems that are compact in nature. This implies that there should be minimal differences between different members of staff so that most employees within the organisation operate in a relatively independent manner with the ability to make their own decisions. John Lewis' strategic capability in this aspect of structure is

Need For Effective Leadership Consequences Of Ineffective Leadership Management Essay

Need For Effective Leadership Consequences Of Ineffective Leadership Management Essay Leadership can be viewed as a process of influencing activities and actions of an organized group or team in its efforts towards setting goals and achieving goals. (Stogdill, 1990). A leader is an individual who considerably affects the thoughts, feelings, and behaviours of a considerable number of individuals. (Gardner, 1995). Leadership is a process; it is comprised of more than the leader and the situation (Church, 1998). When viewed in the terms of organizations leadership is considered to be a special contribution because it makes a significant difference to the success of the organization. (Tjosvold and Wong, 2000). When leadership is effective in an organization ordinary can be transformed into extraordinary and this leads to satisfaction of customers, employees and top management, i.e. all are content and satisfied. (Tjosvold and Wong, 2000). The four Vs of Leadership have been considered as critical when defining it; they are vision, values, value-Added, and vitality. (Shaw, 2006). There are various viewpoints from which leadership has been defined previously, including individual traits, behaviours, contextual perspectives, and combinations of these viewpoints. (Taormina, Robert. J, 2008). Need for Effective Leadership- Consequences of Ineffective Leadership Leadership in an organization must focus on the essential actions and behaviours of the leaders if view of the following ill consequences and hence it is extremely important to develop the quality of leaders and continuously improvise on managers abilities to lead the organizational teams. (Georgenson, 2009) 1. Leaders not providing SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time) targets to their employees: o Low synchronisation of personal and organizational objectives o Workforce may become unproductive o Lack of clarity regarding what is to be achieved o Frustration may build among the workforce (Source: www.learnmarketing.net) 2. If leaders are not providing clear, positive and instant opinion about the employees work standard and results achieved. o Reluctance among the employees regarding managers interest in the work. o Unproductive behaviours may persist leading to long term loss in productivity of workforce. 3. If leaders do not provide continuous improvement avenues. o Employees waste time looking for ways to become better o Employees employ irrelevant activity for improvement o Development of employees is restricted leading to less productive workforce 4. If leaders are unable to provide for effective performance appraisal o Continuation of poor performance o Employees consider their current performance as acceptable o Problems in meeting targets set for future (Georgenson, 2009) Beyond achieving performance related organizational goals effective leadership makes an organization capable of meeting contemporary challenges in todays business environment such as need for competitive advantage, ensuring ethical behaviour and achieving productivity through a diverse workforce in global companies in a fair and equitable manner. (Jones George, 2004) Teamwork- The Spirit of Successful Organizations A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. (Katzenbach and Smith).Teamwork not only promotes a sense of comradeship within an organization, it is also transmitted to all clients or customers who do business with the organization. (Twomey Kleiner, 1996). Teamwork may have two kinds of objectives: co-ordinating and innovating. Teamwork can be a measure to open the horizontal communication among the hierarchies, and it adds to the flexibility of the whole organization. (Nurmi, 1996). Combining Teamwork and Leadership Teamwork facilitates management and leadership, and it helps improve communication and saves the time of both the employees and management. Teamwork in companies is structured. A team has a team leader who coordinates with the team members in defining and achieving other roles, objectives, accountability, schedules and deadlines. (Nurmi, 1996). In present day companies and in modern management teamwork is a necessity. There is a necessity of teamwork in a functional organization where they are needed for the co-ordination of different departments because all the departments in the organization are partly responsible for the collective performance of the whole organization as a unit. (Nurmi, 1996). Challenges for leadership A research conducted by C.D. McCauley, Ohlott Ruderman, 1999 helped in identifying five basic categories of challenges for leadership. (C.D. McCauley, Ohlott Ruderman, 1999, cited in: Antonakis, John, Ciancolo, Anna. T., Sternberg, Robert, 2004). These are: a) Creation of a change by taking the organization in new directions; addressing problems of previous leadership and decide in the face of uncertainty. b) Management at higher levels of responsibility and commitment as the leaders decisions guide the organizations moves. c) Management of issues related to leaders authority on other people. d) Effective management of diversity within an organizational culture. e) Being unflappable during job transitions, change of responsibilities and building relationships. I as a Consultant- Advices and Suggestions My advices in relation to the improvement of leadership and enhancing teamwork skills and performance levels and productivity. I will be predominantly citing examples from the global outsourcing and consulting giant; Infosys Technologies Ltd. My suggestions for improvement of leadership levels would be the following. They have been categorized into several strategic intentions and actions towards developing the leadership skills. They are: 1. Leaders need to build self esteem among the employees who follow them. They must seek their advice on the issues and make them feel important. In this way the employees will feel that they are needed and will be more than willing to work for the leaders. Its also important for the leaders to understand the employees needs for appraisal and motivation in several forms. Being a good leader means that they understand the people they work with and respect them for their contribution. Infosys points out that moral intelligence is new to the analytical playing field, and highlights four key principles that can sustain moral intelligence: Integrity; Responsibility; Compassion; Forgiveness. (Ethics, success and leadership the Infosys way, 2006) 1. Integrity is creating harmony between what we believe and how we act, doing what we know is right (and this definitely includes telling the truth at all times). 2. Responsibility is a person who is willing to take responsibility for their own actions, and the consequences only by taking this responsibility do you stay true to core values. 3. Compassion is broadened to include caring about others, which then shows our respect for others. It also has a boomerang effect, because generally when a compassionate person is in trouble, we return compassion to them. 4. Forgiveness is a key principle because without a tolerance for mistakes and acknowledgement of human imperfection, we are likely to be rigid and inflexible, thereby reducing the common good.

A Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Othello :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Crime and Punishment and Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In both Crime and Punishment and Othello there is a theme of necessary balance.   Crime and Punishment's theme that man must be balanced in order to function properly is very similar to Othello's theme that, tragically, jealousy is destructive, even to the one that holds it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov's extreme intellectualism caused him to stop functioning as a complete and balanced individual which ultimately cost him his freedom.   For Othello, it was his extreme jealousy that caused him to become emotionally unbalanced, which cost him both Desdemona and his own life.   In both cases the extremes create unbalance which ends up costing a lot.   There is a difference, however, and that too lies in the extremes; while Raskolnikov is too intellectual and lacks emotion, Othello is a rage of emotions and requires some intellect or rationality.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One stylistic device both authors used to demonstrate this unbalance is foreshadowing.   On page 84 in Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov says, "If they question me, perhaps I will simply tell.   Fall to my knees and tell."   This foreshadows Raskolnikov's confession to the police and his subsequent sentencing to Siberia.   Raskolnikov is obviously unbalanced if he can detachedly hypothesize about his confession. Similarly, Desdemona's willow song foreshadows her own death.   In this way we realize Othello must be extremely unbalanced if his wife can foresee her own death when they are still newly wed. Both foreshadowed events would usually be considered as negative.   The main difference is that while Raskolnikov's imprisonment is temporary, Desdemona's death is permanent.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The interesting thing about both foreshadowed events is their irony. While both events are usually construed as negative, good things come from both. Not until he has been in Siberia a year does Raskolnikov finally renounce his overman theory and become complete and balanced once again.   Also, Desdemona will be able to forgive Othello and be with him throughout eternity.   What makes these happenings different is their justness.   Raskolnikov was rightfully imprisoned for his crime, while Desdemona was unjustly murdered for a crime she did not commit.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, both stories include a very important epiphany. Raskolnikov's acceptance of love and God at Sonya's feet is both similar and dissimilar to

Marxism in the Grapes of Wrath

In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, Steinbeck uses Marxist ideals to plot the long struggle experienced by the Joad family. The Joads’ experiences prove that the Bourgeoise abuse their power in order to control the Proletariats, alienating and exploiting their class to prevent revolution by forcing them to work for barely enough money. Families who had lived and worked on their land their whole lives became workless as the bank repossessed homes to sustain profit. The bank had become a â€Å"monster† led by the Bourgeoise to exploit the families for their houses and jobs, leaving them with almost nothing.People were often forced to work with this monster in order to feed their own families, it was known for â€Å"making people do what it wants† (Steinbeck 34), despite who would be hurt in the process. This was a tool used to prevent the Proletariats from forming a union, because the â€Å"bank isn’t like a man† (Steinbeck 33) and there was no person to punish for doing them wrong. Pushed off of their land, the families moved west where they were promised work and an easier life in return for having to give up their homes.The Bourgeoise’s promises fell short as more and more families migrated west, minimizing the number of jobs and money available. Their pay was repeatedly cut, reducing it to too little to feed their families. Outside of working, the workers were kept from each other in order to prevent unity, the first step to a rebellion. This need to control stemmed from the Bourgeoise’s extreme greed to keep their power and their money by taking away anybody else’s. A divided nation is easier to control then one united. To avoid the consequences of unity, the police would â€Å"make them fear, hate, suspect each other† (Steinbeck 151).This growth of alienation among the lower class was the Bourgeoise’s tool of exploitation to avoid rebellion against those of higher social status. The laws in the area were bias and only in place to benefit the Bourgeoise. If such a place of social equanimity existed, the local police forces tried to find ways to sabotage and abuse the area to break the forming union. Even when migrating from place to place, members of the Proletariat were unable to escape the greedy control of the Bourgeoise. They abused their powers of endless wealth and legal freedom to maintain their high status at the expense of those who occupied the poorer classes.

Essay about different types of leadership styles - 9138 Words

3. Among the different types of leadership styles, which style would be suitable to a democratic country like India to become superpower in business? Justify your answer. LEADERSHIP The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by many people today. (Peter Drucker) Leadership is focused much more on the individual capability of the leader: Leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking†¦show more content†¦HLL has taken much initiative to meet the challenges in the environment. * Ashvin Dani, Vice - Chairman and Managing Director, Asian paints is a prochanger and innovator. According to him,anyone who refuses to change and meet emerging challenges will be wiped out. His vision is to become a major player in several emerging economies globally, consolidating APLs position as a strong multinational company. He believes that continuous improvement is the need of time. For him there is always a scope for strengthening the core areas of business. He wants to come out with new products and services with faster pace to keep costs down. * K.K. Kamath is the man responsible for making ICICI what it is today a top financial institution and a brand 8S ubiquitous and powerful.as perhaps any in independent India. He is a man with clear vision He believes in speed His ambition is to make ICICI a global financial powerhouse. He is also an avid reader and an intrepid traveler, besides being a keen observer, always ready to learn. * R. K. Krishna Kumar, the CEO of India Hotels, is a man of crisis. His peers describe him as a strong, focused and articulate professional and also one who knows how to disagree agreeably and he believes in fostering team spirit and building commitment through leadership by example. His vision forShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1127 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence, goals, and people is what leadership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and valuesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles976 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper discusses different type of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at the same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. It will be explored on how organizations use this theory and how it works for them as well as what leadership style is used for my particular organizationRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pageskinds of leadership styles used to facilitate the actions of others. Mirriam-Webster.com defines leadership as â€Å"a position as a leader of a group, organization, etc†. Another more inclusive definition regarding the leading role is â€Å"managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members† (Robbins, Judge, 2013). If a company or organization s uffers from poor, none, or the wrong leadership styles, everyoneRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1799 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Styles Different leadership styles There are many different types of leadership styles that are adjusted to suit different roles of jobs. All leadership styles have a direct reasoning to provide direction, as well as motivating individuals. Authoritarian Leadership (also known as autocratic) has a high level of control. It empowers people to follow the directions given. It is frequently considered a classic leadership style and is used when the leader wants to take as much control asRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthorough research work in how they define leadership and leadership behavior. Leadership students and researchers have described many different types of leadership styles. The democratic and autocratic leadership styles are just two of the most prominent leadership styles that have been identified in leadership literatures. In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin decided to identify the different types of leadership styles that exist in the modern world. This earlyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles935 Words   |  4 Pagessupportive and they set the example for everyone to see. I think every successful leader follows this philosophy whether they realize it or not. I have worked for several leaders throughout my 21 plus year career and I have seen all different types of leadership styles. I have learned something from every leader I have worked for, whether they were a great leader who I wanted to emulate later on in my career, or the leader that I swore I would never be like. We learn from everyone that we work forRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles868 Words   |  4 PagesBeing an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. The six management styles are coaching, strategic, laissez- faire, bureaucratic, autocratic, and d emocratic. Managers have to perform many roles in an organization and knowing how they would handle difficult situations will depend on their style of management. The purpose of the paper is to understand a little about all the management styles and then which one best fits my personality and how it should be handled. BeingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Leadership? Why are there so many types of Leadership? Which one is the right one? These are all important questions people who are trying to lead ask. John Maxwell a well-known author on leadership stated simply â€Å"Leadership is influence†. There are numerous types of leadership styles, they all have their strong points about them, and depending who you are the circumstances can dictate which type of person with what type of leadership style will be successful. In this paper I will discussRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leaders And Styles Of Leadership1590 Words   |  7 Page sobligation to be a leader (Dufour, Marzano, 2011). Leadership defined by Owen (2002) is, â€Å"A journey of discovery. It is the expression of a person at his or her best whose aim is to transform something for the better and to develop this potential in others. It is not a solitary pursuit but one that harnesses the energy of those around you. Leadership is a process in which leaders and followers engage to achieve mutual goals. Prentice (2004) defines leadership as the accomplishment of a goal through theRead MoreTypes Of Leadership Traits And Effective Leadership Styles That Will Be Best For Different Situations Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. A true leader is one who has the power, passion, and ability to guide others in the right direction. Leadership is having the control and will power to direct any group of people towards a common goal. There are several types of leadership traits and effective leadership styles that will be best for different situations. If leadership was easy, everyone would be doing it. Leadership requires more than just a few hopeful words and promises. It takes passionate and knowledgeable individuals

Metro Regional Hospital Rfp For Enterprise Mobility...

GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS Metro Regional Hospital RFP for Enterprise Mobility Management System 1. AGREEMENT A contract or agreement will be released, after award, for any work to be performed as a result of this RFP. The proposal, negotiated terms, and the contract will constitute the complete agreement between Respondent and MRH. If Respondent requires an additional contract, then Respondent should include their sample contract as an attachment to the proposal submitted for review. 2. ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACT AND/OR PAYMENT This contract or agreement is personal to the parties herein and may not be assigned, in whole or in part, by the Respondent without prior written consent of Metro Regional Hospital. The Respondent herein shall not assign payments under this contract or agreement without the prior written consent of Metro Regional Hospital. 3. SUSPENSION OF WORK The Customer may in its sole discretion suspend any or all activities under the Contract or purchase order, at any time, when in the best interests of the State to do so. The Customer shall provide the Respondent written notice outlining the particulars of suspension. Examples of the reason for suspension include, but are not limited to, budgetary constraints, declaration of emergency, or other such circumstances. After receiving a suspension notice, the Respondent shall comply with the notice and shall not accept any purchase orders. Within ninety days, or any longer period agreed to by the Respondent, the

Letter of Advice - 1505 Words

Nelson amp; Irvine Accounting Consultancy 18 Copenhagen Street MOUNT GRAVATT QLD 4122 Mr Joe Doyle 62 Highfields Avenue MANLY QLD 4179 9 September 2010 Dear Mr Doyle Joe Doyle’s Investment and Business Structure Enquiry Please find below advice on investment options for your photographic studio concerning business structure and the security of an investment in Billabong International Ltd. 1. Facts You have come into $500,000 worth of inheritance which you wish to invest $250,000 into the initiation of a photographic studio business and the other $250,000 in shares at Billabong International Ltd. You also indicated that Paul Jones has offered to invest $50,000 in the studio wishing to have no further monetary or†¦show more content†¦This is important as it provides accountability for the company. As outlined in the AASB framework, notes are a form of supplementary information that may include information about items in the financial statements, risks of the entity, and any resources not disclosed in the balance sheet. This additional information provides investors with relevant information to assess the business on and evaluate what they can expect from an investment in the company. In calculating the solvency of a business, a clear indication of its financial position can be determined. Solvency describes the ability of a business’s assets to cover its liabilities if they fall due. From certain figures in the balance sheet, the current ratio can be calculated. This ratio divides total current assets by total current liabilities. If a company is solvent, this ratio will be greater than 1; in this case it is 3.3, which indicates that the current assets can cover the current liabilities three times over and is therefore indicative of a financially stable company. The majority of the debt of Billabong is tied up in unsecured borrowings. Unsecured borrowings are when no security is taken by the lender. The bank or finance company offers you a loan if they are confident you will be able to repay it. During the year, the secured cash advance facilities were replaced with theShow MoreRelatedA Letter of Advice2316 Words   |  10 PagesA LETTER OF AD A LETTER OF ADVICE White Com200 Interpersonal Communication Prof. Sherell Harrell May 8, 2012 A LETTER OF AD I. Introduction A. In life we are typically faced with the ins and outs of communication in many relationships in today’s society. II. Identify the barriers to effective interpersonal communication 1. Identifying effective communication. 2. Ways to gain effective interpersonal communication. Read MoreLetter of Advice1307 Words   |  6 PagesLetter of Advice Stephanie Skidmore Com 200: Interpersonal Communication Katie Decker September 19, 2011 Dear Samantha and Billy, Congratulations on deciding to get married. But before you make the big step let’s discuss a few things. Good communication is essential to a healthy marriage, I will be giving you advice on how to effectively use interpersonal communication between one another. The information that I am providing you with please keep it and utilize it throughout your marriageRead MoreLetter of Advice2416 Words   |  10 PagesFinal Paper: Letter of Advice Com 200 Interpersonal Communication March 5, 2012 â€Æ' Final Paper: Letter of Advice Dear Amy and Smith, As you know, I am taking interpersonal communication, and as a close friend of the two of you, I feel that it is only right that I share information I have learned for the marriage you have ahead. I know that you are newly engaged, and this information will prove to be of use in your relationship. We have all heard â€Å"communication is the key in marriage,† and thisRead MoreLetter Of Advice For A Small Accounting Practice2467 Words   |  10 PagesLETTER OF ADVICE You work for a small accounting practice in Penrith and your managing partner has requested that you provide some advice in relation to the various forms of contractual acceptance. You are to draft a letter of advice that details the definition of acceptance and the relevant decisions by the courts. Please note that you are expected to provide full case citations in your answer and a reference list. Our Ref: 22 September 2014 Accounting Practice Address: PENRITH 2751 NSW BYRead MoreLetter of Advice to a Newly Engaged Couple1489 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Letter of Advice to the Newly Engaged Couple Though interpersonal communication can be the element to effective communications linking you and your loved one, it can also influence how you and your loved one interrelate with one another by not being a good listener and amplifier. Hello my name is and I will be giving you with a bit of guidance in turn to keep and preserve a well-built strong bond. I will cover different topics such as self-disclosure in relations, how to be an empathic listenerRead Moreletter of advice com 200 wk 51575 Words   |  7 Pagesme start by saying congratulations on your recent engagement. It is an honor being your mother and your future mother in law that you both would like advice on how to effectively communicate in your relationship. In taking an interpersonal communication course, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. I feel that it is only right that I share information I have learned for the marriage you have ahead. I know that you are newly engaged, and this informationRead MoreA Letter of Advice to Nhs Litigation Authority on Clinical Neglgence Case of Missed Fractured Scaphoid Bone3557 Words   |  15 PagesAuthority, Re: Chandler Bing v Friends Health NHS Foundation Trust Dear Sir/ Madam, Thank you for your referral of the case concerning Mr. Chandler Bing’s missed fracture scaphoid bone received on 31 August 2010. The following is the Letter of Advice to the NHSLA concerning the above-mentioned case. The Claimant: 1. The Claimant was born on 8 April 1969. As a result of the events referred to in their particulars of claim the claimant is now represented by Bloomingdale SolicitorsRead MoreBiblical Words Related On Counseling781 Words   |  4 Pagesbe examined using Blue Letter Bible (2012), Strong’s Concordance, and Vine s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words. The theme associated with Biblical words related to counseling unified in concept. This concept is the liberation, or victory, from troubles and sin to becoming wise through counsel from God, or spiritually mature counselees. Counsel According to BlueLetterBible.org, the word â€Å"counsel† appears 74 times in the New American Standard Bible (Blue Letter Bible, 2012). HoweverRead MoreHow Teenage Magazines Express the Post-feminism Culture1492 Words   |  6 Pages Magazines offer many opportunities for teenagers to consider and investigate their sexuality. In particular, sexuality advices and stories in magazines enables teenagers to understand personal sexual issues or problems that they might be having in a healthier light. Post-feminism attitudes have become very popular in teenage magazines for both male and female readers, this is partly because prior to the feminism movement women were never seen as having much sexual desire for men and women generallyRead MoreThe best advice ever given1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Best Advice Ever Given In life there are many challenges that may either make or break a person. The journey to overcome these challenges is often made easier by a handful of useful advice. This advice doesn’t necessarily have to come from a much wiser person. It’s the advice itself that is labeled as being wise. Just because someone gives another person wise advice, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the task at hand will immediately be overcome. The receiver must use the advice willingly

Introductory awareness of Autistic Spectrum Disorders free essay sample

Introductory awareness of Autistic Spectrum Disorders Task A- 1. Body language – People with ASD’s often have difficulties understanding and using body language. This may make them seem rude, but they also avoid eye contact as it makes them feel uncomfortable. Process delay It is a common difficulty for people with ASD’s to have a delay in processing spoken/written communication and replying. Sporadic Language – Individuals may also have learnt certain words or phrases of interest that they use which may make them appear to have a good level of understanding of vocabulary when it is not the case. 2. Autistic people often do not understand the unwritten social rules which most of us pick up without thinking They may also appear to be insensitive because they have not recognised how someone else is feeling. They can also appear to behave strangely or inappropriately, as it is not always easy for them to express feelings, emotions or needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Introductory awareness of Autistic Spectrum Disorders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. The autism/autistic spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders. These disorders are characterised by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviours and interests, and in some cases, cognitive delays. These disorders include Autism, Asperger’s syndrome and Rett Syndrome. 5. It is important to recognise that each individual on the autistic spectrum has their own strengths, preferences and needs as each person who has one of the related disorders is different. Despite similarities between the disorders and how it can affect the individuals who have them. If you generalise then the care provided may not be person specific and therefore not the best possible care that can be given. 6. ADHD – Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition that makes a person inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive. Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition in which the affected person has seizures or periods of loss of consciousness. Dyslexia Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty which mainly affects the development of literacy and language related skills. 7. Sense Difficulties Sight Lack of eye contact – Can make them feel uncomfortable/anxious. Staring – Can fixate on certain objects/details. Peripheral/central vision – central vision can often be blurred but peripheral vision sharp. Hearing Selective hearing May not acknowledge particular sounds. Sensitive hearing Noise can be magnified and sounds become distorted and muddled. Partial Hearing May only hear sounds in one ear, the other ear having only partial hearing or none at all. Touch High Pain Threshold – Can mean they do not feel pain and can have no sense of danger and self-harm. Textures – Only likes certain clothing or textures. Holds others tightly needs to do so before there is a sensation of having applied any pressure. Smell Poor sense of smell Some people have no sense of smell and fail to notice extreme odours Intensive smells Dislikes people with distinctive perfumes, shampoos, etc. Taste Eats everything soil, grass, Play-dough. This is known as Pica Textures Certain textures cause discomfort; some children will only eat smooth foods like mashed potatoes or ice-cream. Sensitive taste buds – some flavourings/food overpowering. 8. Covers ears May be due to sensitivity to noises. Puts objects to nose to smell them – Likes the feeling of it against nose or likes to smell objects when presented with them. Hits or bites others Way of communicating unhappiness, discomfort or fear. 9. Covering ears – this can impact on an individual as they may not be able to participate in communication with others effectively. Hit or bites other – this can impact on an individual as it is not a socially acceptable way of communicating and means there needs may not be met. 10. I would attempt to engage the individual and distract them by offering them an activity/object they like in order to motivate them. You could also use calming techniques such as deep breathing and relaxing music. Another way would be to give them time and space to calm and reflect. 11. Due to the nature of ASC and the related impairments it is important to use a person centred approach. As individuals who are on the spectrum commonly have communication issues it is a way for their needs, preferences and strengths to be listened to indirectly. It is also important as it gives them a chance to experience new things that they would not do without the support of staff. This can then raise confidence, develop new skills and a sense of value and control. 12. Formal Support Networks Informal Support Networks Schools Family Medical Care Facilities Support Groups Social Workers Friends 13. I would make sure that the support provided was consistent by having meetings with all those involved and making sure that everyone adhered to what was in the care plans and that we feedback and advised each other on these findings. Also we would need to communicate with each other regarding any changes that may be relevant. 14. In order to help an individual with ASD learn a new skill I would look at what skills were already existing, their care plan in order to create an activity/environment that best suits them in able to learn. I would then set targets and reward them when they are met in order to motivate. 15. It is important that people who work with individuals with ASD are aware of how they are communicating with them both verbally and non-verbally as people with ASD may not understand or misinterpret what is being said to them. 16. Location – The location may not be suitable if it is bright, loud or they are not comfortable or familiar there and may cause them to not be able to concentrate on the communication at hand. Noise – If there are noises in the environment which could be loud or quiet due to the sensitivity of individuals with ASD hearing it could distract them during communication with others. People – If there are lots of people present and they are talking or using non-verbal communication this may cause mixed messages or non-delivery of messages. 17. Make sure there is as little background noise as possible by providing a quiet environment the individual can cope with. You could also break down language both orally and written so that it is easier for individuals with ASD to interpret and process. Another method is to ask if it has been understood and give time for messages to be processed. 18. You could use either written language as part of a visual system or pictorial cue cards to inform people with ASD of what they need to do. This could be a schedule or a behavioural visual if something was inappropriate and should be designed specifically to meet the individual’s needs. 19. You could ask a speech and language therapist for advice in order to communicate with someone with ASD effectively and also you could seek information from parents, family members and people who have worked with the individuals before.

The Ghosts in Homers Odyssey

Introduction Homer’s Odyssey is one of the Greek epics. It is also a sequel to Homer’s Iliad. In book 11, Odysseus speaks to numerous ghosts that give him revelations, advice and guidance. Most of these ghosts have an influence on Odysseus’s fate. Throughout the book, Odysseus speaks to numerous ghosts including that of his own mother, Anticleia. These ghosts explain to Odysseus about the past while other give his hope and way forward for his future. Of the numerous ghosts in book 11, my favorite three include Elpenor, Tiresias and Anticleia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ghosts in Homer’s Odyssey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Ghosts of Elpenor, Tiresias and Anticleia After Odysseus travels to the famous River of Ocean, he performs several sacrifices and pours libations as instructed by Circe. â€Å"The first ghost to appear is Elpenor (Homer 157)†. The ghost instru cts Odysseus to ensure he goes back to the island of Circe and perform a proper burial for his body. From this encounter, Odysseus understands something new and important. â€Å"The ghost informs Odysseus that a decent burial was necessary as a sign of respect for those who had died (Homer 162)†. He therefore learns the importance of a burial for someone who is deceased. â€Å"After the conversation, Odysseus would go back to the island and give the body a proper burial as requested by the ghost (Homer 162)†. â€Å"The second ghost to speak to is that of Tiresias, a prominent Theban prophet (Homer 163)†. I find the ghost one of my favorite because of the hope and information he gives Odysseus. â€Å"The ghost reveals to Odysseus that Poseidon was busy punishing and killing the Achaeans (Homer 163)†. According to the ghost, Poseidon was punishing them because they had blinded his own son by the name Polyphemus. â€Å"The other thing about his conversation with this ghost is that he learns about his fate and future. The ghost foretells Odysseus’s fate (Homer 164)†. According to the ghost, Odysseus would go back home, succeed in reclaiming his own wife. The ghost assures Odysseus that he would reclaim the palace and make a successful journey to Poseidon. Tiresias’ ghost tells Odysseus not to touch the children of the Sun especially after he makes his journey to Thrinacia. â€Å"If he touches the flock he would face much hardship and even lose his entire crew during the journey (Homer 164)†. The information is vital and gives Odysseus courage and hope as he faces his future. â€Å"The ghost foretells the journey ahead of him and he is warned of the dangers that might fall on his way (Homer 165)†. The ghost of Odysseus’s mother is my third favorite ghost. â€Å"Odysseus speaks with Anticleia who informs him about the affairs and events taking place at Ithaca (Homer 165)†. â€Å"She also n arrates to Odysseus how she died of pain and grief while she was waiting for his son (Homer 166)†. From the encounter with his mother’s ghost, Odysseus learns the love of a mother and the reason to treasure it.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Throughout book eleven, Odysseus speaks to numerous ghosts including that of his own mother. These ghosts explain to him about the past while other give his hope and way forward for his future. My favorite ghosts are those of Tiresias, Anticleia and Elpenor. Having spoken to the ghost of Tiresias, Odysseus is informed of his future and can go ahead with useful information about what to do and what to avoid. This would play a huge role towards his success as a great warrior. Works Cited Homer. Odyssey. New York: Classic Books, 2009. Print. This essay on The Ghosts in Homer’s Odyssey was written and submitted by user Tiffany D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Paradigm Shift in Counseling Psychology Research Methodology Essay Example

Paradigm Shift in Counseling Psychology Research Methodology Essay Example Paradigm Shift in Counseling Psychology Research Methodology Paper Paradigm Shift in Counseling Psychology Research Methodology Paper From early 1970s discussions about the utility, benefit and relevance of qualitative research methodology to the psychology field, in general, and counseling psychology, in particular, has taken a central position (Goldman, 1976; Hanson, et al. , 2005; Howard, 1983). More specifically, Bogard and Wertz (2006) observed that Gordon Allport, in 1942, first made the call for pluralism of research methods in the science of psychology when, in a monograph commissioned by the National Research Council, he encouraged researchers to explore alternative research methods instead of the over-reliance on quantitative methods. However, only in the 1970s did any significant movement in this direction started. The 1980s and 1990s saw significant discussions about the incorporation of qualitative methods in counseling research. The enlightment created by these discussions and the increasing number of qualitative papers, texts and articles that have ensued have considerably changed the face of counseling research, such that more than five decades after Gordon Allport made the first call for research diversity; Ponterotto (2005) strongly believes that counseling psychology is moving away from its primary reliance on quantitative methods to a more balanced reliance on quantitative and qualitative methods (p. 126). There is no denying the fact that research plays a primary role in any academic or professional field. For example, Polit, Beck, and Hungler (2001) defined research as a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined method to answer questions or solve problems (p4). It is obvious from this definition that the goal of research is to create relevant knowledge, to develop, refine and expand the horizon of what is known, and also attempt to proffer answers for the unknown, within the chosen field of study. Moreover, in professional fields like counseling, research studies do not only refine and add to what is known in theory and practice, but also empower the counseling psychologist to capably foresee and manage the complexities and dynamism of the social world (Laws and Marcus, 2003). However, the knowledge that can be gleaned from different research efforts depends, to a large, extent, on the research method adopted, and this in turn is shaped by the researchers worldview and philosophy of science. Stressing this point, Howard (1983) indicates that different core ontological assumptions held by researchers predisposes to the adoption of related assumptions about human nature. Beliefs about human nature then shape opinions about what kinds of knowledge are appropriate, which in turn, significantly determine the research methods adopted. The author argued that a worldview that perceive reality as concrete and humans as responders to this reality encourages positivist science and quantitative research methods. Conversely, a worldview that perceive reality as subjective interpretations of experiences and humans as adapting organisms encourages an interpretivist approach and qualitative research methods. The philosophy of objective reality and laboratory experimentation of the physical sciences has dominated psychology research as the gold standard for over a century. However, the numerous calls for a move towards a more encompassing view and approach to social research that started in the 1970s have severally highlighted the failure of the quantitative research approach to provide answers to social problems and guidance to professionals (Bogard and Wertz, 2006; Howard, 1983). Fishman (1999) noted that the problems with the over-reliance on quantitative methods first came to light during the turbulent times of the 1960s. During this period and the decades that follow, it became clear to many, Fishman argued, that psychology’s delivery on the promise of clear, objective answers to the problems of the complex, ambiguous troubles of the social world was scant at best (p. 371). Apparently, this realization fostered the emerging consensus that counseling research requires a shift in perspective to meet the needs of practitioners (Howard, 1983). The explosion of textbooks on qualitative methods; the the strong affinity for qualitative approaches held by many counseling students and professionals; and the Delphi poll of counseling psychology training directors in the United States that rated qualitative sophistication as one of the top trends for counseling research development in the next decade, most probably confirms Ponterottos claims and belief that counseling psychology is in the midst of a gradual paradigm shift. This paper intends to present further arguments to support Ponterottos assertion. The next section will attempt to explain Ponterottos position on the paradigm shift presently taking place in counseling research; this will be followed by an explanation of the epistemological and ontological differences that distinguish the quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. Lastly, further argument will be provided to support and defend the claim that counseling research is experiencing a shift in perspective. The Need for a Paradigm Shift in Counseling Psychology Research Ponterotto’s Argument Ponterotto (2005) provided an elaborate argument on the need for, and the factors that expresses the movement towards a balanced reliance on qualitative and quantitative research methods. Presenting his recent observations and current perceptions (p. 126), Ponterotto argued that the field of psychology, in general, and counseling psychology, in particular, has been, for too long, dominated by the positivist and post positivist paradigms associated with quantitative research methods. This dominance, it is argued, is reflected in available course work, dissertations conducted and in published research reports. Ponterotto argue that such over-reliance on single research philosophy significantly reduces the potential for growth and also limits the knowledge base and practical relevance of counseling research. Therefore, by broadening the fields research scope to include interpretivist paradigms and the associated qualitative methods, counseling psychology will advance more rapidly as a scientific field. Ponterotto is not alone in his opinion. He shares the same sentiment with several other authors like Gergen (2001) who argued that the conception of psychological science commonly shared within the discipline is historically frozen and is endangered by its isolation from the major intellectual and global transformations of the past half century† (p. 803); and Goldman who has been calling for a revolution in counseling psychology for several decades. Ponterotto also observed that in recent times, the need to enhance and improve the level of qualitative research training available to students of counseling psychology has been emphasized by several stakeholders. The author argues that though the present level of adoption of qualitative research training is still low, it is on the increase. Highlighting the importance of the increase in qualitative research training students and scholars receive, Rennie, Watson, and Monteiro (2002) noted that graduate students and scholars start appreciating the richness of qualitative research methods and its potential contribution to the field counseling psychology. With such increase in interest, professional conferences start receiving proposals for qualitative research papers and eventually, journal editors and publishers start to take notice of the shift in the wind. The authors declare that from all indications, all of these have been happening already, signaling the slow, but determined shift in research perspectives. Lastly, Ponterotto observed that an increasing number of quantitatively trained counseling psychologist now adopt qualitative methods into their research programs. While the negative implication of this is that most of these counseling psychologists would erroneously be carrying out qualitative researches through a quantitative lens, on the other hand, this indicates the increasing awareness of and interest in, qualitative research methods. Since developing expertise in any philosophy of science or research method takes time, in a most cases, several years of study, it is apparent that this quantitatively trained counseling psychologist would become better qualitative psychologist with time. In sum, Ponterottos claim that the field of counseling psychology is in the middle of a paradigm shift is premised on these observations and perceptions. Fortunately, he is not alone in this thought; there are several observations from numerous authors to strengthen his contention. For example, Howard (1983) contends that there is a growing consensus that the prevailing concept of what constitute a good research is problematic, and that the problem calls for urgent solution. In the same light, Goldman (1976), declaring the need for a complete overhauling of counseling research pointed out that published research in counseling has, on the whole, been of little value as a base or guide for professional practice. Tied to largely inappropriate models derived from the physical sciences, much of the research has been trivial, atomistic, and obsessed with statistics and technical matters of research design (p. 543). Support for Ponterotto’s Argument In order to adequately explain Ponterottos idea of counseling psychologys shift from primary reliance to a more balanced reliance on qualitative and quantitative research methods, Rennie, Watson, and Monteiro (2002) set forth a couple of questions that should be answered. These questions include: when did the turn to qualitative research methods started in counseling psychology started? How much emphasis has been placed on qualitative research methodology? And most importantly, what should be made of the surge in interest in qualitative research methods with respect to the pre-dominance of quantitative methods? Is the presence of qualitative research methods now large enough to be considered a paradigm shift, as Ponterotto suggested, or alternatively, is it the case that the interest in qualitative method is still too low to be considered to have impacted counseling research significantly?. To answer these questions, the authors conducted a review of all the psychological literatures published throughout the 20th century. Although, as mentioned earlier, Gordon Allport is said to have made the first call to psychologists to adopt alternative research methods, and the social turbulence of the 1960s is known to have further aggravated the discontent with quantitative methods in counseling research, the 100year literature review carried out by Rennie, Watson, and Monteiro (2002) indicated that there were virtually no psychological literature related to qualitative research methods prior to 1970, with the exception of a some references to phenomenological psychology that appeared in some literatures. Apparently, with respect to the first question above, i. e. when the turn to qualitative methods started, once can infer that practical attempts to adopt qualitative research methods did not take form until in the 1970s and then 1980s and 1990s, although the discontent with quantitative methods could have started earlier. Portraying the gravity of the discontent with quantitative research methods that followed the social turbulence of the 1960s, Fishman (1999) observed that practitioners were caught between irrelevant and ineffective guidance from science and inviting courses of action suggested by reflection in the field but without justification by rational science (p. 371). The author observed that criticism of positivism and its associated quantitative methods developed independently from both the post-positivist and the phenomenological–hermeneutic–post structural schools of thought. Criticism from both angles pointed out that the continuous application of statistical and laboratory experimentation methods to social problems was not yielding the expected outcomes and that the over-reliance on theory testing and the hypothetico-deductive measures inherent in quantitative methods to real world situations that require context-sensitive methods, have considerably contributed to this failure. Again, the origin of the interest in, and application of qualitative research methods can be located in the increased social phenomena that psychologist had to explain and contain, starting the 1960s. While this did not immediately translate into the publication of qualitative papers, as the Rennie, Watson, and Monteiros study revealed, it provided the foundation for the growth experienced in the succeeding decades. Ponterotto attempted to indicate how much emphasis has been placed on qualitative studies in counseling psychology when he reported the Delphi poll of counseling psychology training directors conducted in the United States in which directors identified qualitative sophistication and methodological diversity as the two top trends for the next decade. While this alone is not enough to justify the increasing interest in and emphasis on qualitative research, the explosion of texts on qualitative methods and reports of qualitative studies add weight to the argument that increasing emphasis is being placed on how qualitative methods can better improve the field of counseling psychology. For example, Robins and others (2008) reported more psychology related journals have paid increasing attention to the potential contribution that qualitative studies can impact on the field of psychology. The authors suggest that as a result of this increasing support, increasing number of researchers have included qualitative research methods in their research programs and most of these studies have been able to highlight some very important and previously un-recognized factors that affect counseling practice. Although, there is no denying the fact that the attention and emphasis received by qualitative methods is still relatively low compared to the dominance quantitative method still enjoy; however, the growing interest and the fact that several quantitatively trained researchers have gone ahead to adopt qualitative methods either in isolation or by inviting and including qualitative researchers in their program points to a gradual shift towards balance emphasis on both research methods, as Ponterotto has suggested. Despite the potential shift towards a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in counseling psychology researches, one important issue that has generated hot debate and that could potentially hinder this paradigm shift is the paradigm-method fit known as the ‘paradigm debate’ (Hanson, et al. , 2005). The paradigm-method fit debate first surfaced in the 1970s and 1980s as the popularity of qualitative methods in counseling psychology became topical issue for discussion. The debate relates to the question â€Å"Do philosophical paradigms (e. g. , positivism, constructivism) and research methods have to fit together? † (p. 225).